public abstract class SocketChannel extends AbstractSelectableChannel implements ByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel, GatheringByteChannel, NetworkChannel
A socket channel is created by invoking one of the open
methods of this class. It is not possible to create a channel for an arbitrary,
pre-existing socket. A newly-created socket channel is open but not yet
connected. An attempt to invoke an I/O operation upon an unconnected
channel will cause a NotYetConnectedException to be thrown. A
socket channel can be connected by invoking its connect
method; once connected, a socket channel remains connected until it is
closed. Whether or not a socket channel is connected may be determined by
invoking its isConnected method.
Socket channels support non-blocking connection: A socket
channel may be created and the process of establishing the link to the
remote socket may be initiated via the connect method for
later completion by the finishConnect method.
Whether or not a connection operation is in progress may be determined by
invoking the isConnectionPending method.
Socket channels support asynchronous shutdown, which is similar
to the asynchronous close operation specified in the Channel class.
If the input side of a socket is shut down by one thread while another
thread is blocked in a read operation on the socket's channel, then the read
operation in the blocked thread will complete without reading any bytes and
will return -1. If the output side of a socket is shut down by one
thread while another thread is blocked in a write operation on the socket's
channel, then the blocked thread will receive an AsynchronousCloseException.
Socket options are configured using the setOption method. Socket channels support the following options:
Additional (implementation specific) options may also be supported.
Option Name Description SO_SNDBUFThe size of the socket send buffer SO_RCVBUFThe size of the socket receive buffer SO_KEEPALIVEKeep connection alive SO_REUSEADDRRe-use address SO_LINGERLinger on close if data is present (when configured in blocking mode only) TCP_NODELAYDisable the Nagle algorithm
Socket channels are safe for use by multiple concurrent threads. They
support concurrent reading and writing, though at most one thread may be
reading and at most one thread may be writing at any given time. The connect and finishConnect methods are
mutually synchronized against each other, and an attempt to initiate a read
or write operation while an invocation of one of these methods is in
progress will block until that invocation is complete.
| Modifier | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
protected |
SocketChannel(SelectorProvider provider)
Initializes a new instance of this class.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
abstract SocketChannel |
bind(SocketAddress local)
Binds the channel's socket to a local address.
|
abstract boolean |
connect(SocketAddress remote)
Connects this channel's socket.
|
abstract boolean |
finishConnect()
Finishes the process of connecting a socket channel.
|
abstract SocketAddress |
getLocalAddress()
Returns the socket address that this channel's socket is bound to.
|
abstract SocketAddress |
getRemoteAddress()
Returns the remote address to which this channel's socket is connected.
|
abstract boolean |
isConnected()
Tells whether or not this channel's network socket is connected.
|
abstract boolean |
isConnectionPending()
Tells whether or not a connection operation is in progress on this
channel.
|
static SocketChannel |
open()
Opens a socket channel.
|
static SocketChannel |
open(SocketAddress remote)
Opens a socket channel and connects it to a remote address.
|
abstract int |
read(ByteBuffer dst)
Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffer.
|
long |
read(ByteBuffer[] dsts)
Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into the given buffers.
|
abstract long |
read(ByteBuffer[] dsts,
int offset,
int length)
Reads a sequence of bytes from this channel into a subsequence of the
given buffers.
|
abstract <T> SocketChannel |
setOption(SocketOption<T> name,
T value)
Sets the value of a socket option.
|
abstract SocketChannel |
shutdownInput()
Shutdown the connection for reading without closing the channel.
|
abstract SocketChannel |
shutdownOutput()
Shutdown the connection for writing without closing the channel.
|
abstract Socket |
socket()
Retrieves a socket associated with this channel.
|
int |
validOps()
Returns an operation set identifying this channel's supported
operations.
|
abstract int |
write(ByteBuffer src)
Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffer.
|
long |
write(ByteBuffer[] srcs)
Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from the given buffers.
|
abstract long |
write(ByteBuffer[] srcs,
int offset,
int length)
Writes a sequence of bytes to this channel from a subsequence of the
given buffers.
|
blockingLock, configureBlocking, implCloseChannel, implCloseSelectableChannel, implConfigureBlocking, isBlocking, isRegistered, keyFor, provider, registerregisterbegin, close, end, isOpenclone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, waitgetOption, supportedOptionsprotected SocketChannel(SelectorProvider provider)
provider - The provider that created this channelpublic static SocketChannel open() throws IOException
The new channel is created by invoking the openSocketChannel method of the system-wide default SelectorProvider object.
IOException - If an I/O error occurspublic static SocketChannel open(SocketAddress remote) throws IOException
This convenience method works as if by invoking the open()
method, invoking the connect method upon
the resulting socket channel, passing it remote, and then
returning that channel.
remote - The remote address to which the new channel is to be connectedAsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel
while the connect operation is in progressClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread
while the connect operation is in progress, thereby
closing the channel and setting the current thread's
interrupt statusUnresolvedAddressException - If the given remote address is not fully resolvedUnsupportedAddressTypeException - If the type of the given remote address is not supportedSecurityException - If a security manager has been installed
and it does not permit access to the given remote endpointIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic final int validOps()
Socket channels support connecting, reading, and writing, so this
method returns (SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT
| SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE).
validOps in class SelectableChannelpublic abstract SocketChannel bind(SocketAddress local) throws IOException
NetworkChannel This method is used to establish an association between the socket and
a local address. Once an association is established then the socket remains
bound until the channel is closed. If the local parameter has the
value null then the socket will be bound to an address that is
assigned automatically.
bind in interface NetworkChannellocal - The address to bind the socket, or null to bind the socket
to an automatically assigned socket addressConnectionPendingException - If a non-blocking connect operation is already in progress on
this channelAlreadyBoundException - If the socket is already boundUnsupportedAddressTypeException - If the type of the given address is not supportedClosedChannelException - If the channel is closedIOException - If some other I/O error occursSecurityException - If a security manager has been installed and its
checkListen method denies
the operationNetworkChannel.getLocalAddress()public abstract <T> SocketChannel setOption(SocketOption<T> name, T value) throws IOException
NetworkChannelsetOption in interface NetworkChannelT - The type of the socket option valuename - The socket optionvalue - The value of the socket option. A value of null may be
a valid value for some socket options.UnsupportedOperationException - If the socket option is not supported by this channelIllegalArgumentException - If the value is not a valid value for this socket optionClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedIOException - If an I/O error occursStandardSocketOptionspublic abstract SocketChannel shutdownInput() throws IOException
Once shutdown for reading then further reads on the channel will
return -1, the end-of-stream indication. If the input side of the
connection is already shutdown then invoking this method has no effect.
NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connectedClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic abstract SocketChannel shutdownOutput() throws IOException
Once shutdown for writing then further attempts to write to the
channel will throw ClosedChannelException. If the output side of
the connection is already shutdown then invoking this method has no
effect.
NotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connectedClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic abstract Socket socket()
The returned object will not declare any public methods that are not
declared in the Socket class.
public abstract boolean isConnected()
open and connectedpublic abstract boolean isConnectionPending()
finishConnect methodpublic abstract boolean connect(SocketAddress remote) throws IOException
If this channel is in non-blocking mode then an invocation of this
method initiates a non-blocking connection operation. If the connection
is established immediately, as can happen with a local connection, then
this method returns true. Otherwise this method returns
false and the connection operation must later be completed by
invoking the finishConnect method.
If this channel is in blocking mode then an invocation of this method will block until the connection is established or an I/O error occurs.
This method performs exactly the same security checks as the Socket class. That is, if a security manager has been
installed then this method verifies that its checkConnect method permits
connecting to the address and port number of the given remote endpoint.
This method may be invoked at any time. If a read or write operation upon this channel is invoked while an invocation of this method is in progress then that operation will first block until this invocation is complete. If a connection attempt is initiated but fails, that is, if an invocation of this method throws a checked exception, then the channel will be closed.
remote - The remote address to which this channel is to be connectedAlreadyConnectedException - If this channel is already connectedConnectionPendingException - If a non-blocking connection operation is already in progress
on this channelClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedAsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel
while the connect operation is in progressClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread
while the connect operation is in progress, thereby
closing the channel and setting the current thread's
interrupt statusUnresolvedAddressException - If the given remote address is not fully resolvedUnsupportedAddressTypeException - If the type of the given remote address is not supportedSecurityException - If a security manager has been installed
and it does not permit access to the given remote endpointIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic abstract boolean finishConnect()
throws IOException
A non-blocking connection operation is initiated by placing a socket
channel in non-blocking mode and then invoking its connect method. Once the connection is established, or the attempt has
failed, the socket channel will become connectable and this method may
be invoked to complete the connection sequence. If the connection
operation failed then invoking this method will cause an appropriate
IOException to be thrown.
If this channel is already connected then this method will not block and will immediately return true. If this channel is in non-blocking mode then this method will return false if the connection process is not yet complete. If this channel is in blocking mode then this method will block until the connection either completes or fails, and will always either return true or throw a checked exception describing the failure.
This method may be invoked at any time. If a read or write operation upon this channel is invoked while an invocation of this method is in progress then that operation will first block until this invocation is complete. If a connection attempt fails, that is, if an invocation of this method throws a checked exception, then the channel will be closed.
NoConnectionPendingException - If this channel is not connected and a connection operation
has not been initiatedClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedAsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel
while the connect operation is in progressClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread
while the connect operation is in progress, thereby
closing the channel and setting the current thread's
interrupt statusIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic abstract SocketAddress getRemoteAddress() throws IOException
Where the channel is bound and connected to an Internet Protocol
socket address then the return value from this method is of type InetSocketAddress.
null if the channel's socket is not
connectedClosedChannelException - If the channel is closedIOException - If an I/O error occurspublic abstract int read(ByteBuffer dst) throws IOException
ReadableByteChannelAn attempt is made to read up to r bytes from the channel, where r is the number of bytes remaining in the buffer, that is, dst.remaining(), at the moment this method is invoked.
Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is read, where 0 <= n <= r. This byte sequence will be transferred into the buffer so that the first byte in the sequence is at index p and the last byte is at index p + n - 1, where p is the buffer's position at the moment this method is invoked. Upon return the buffer's position will be equal to p + n; its limit will not have changed.
A read operation might not fill the buffer, and in fact it might not read any bytes at all. Whether or not it does so depends upon the nature and state of the channel. A socket channel in non-blocking mode, for example, cannot read any more bytes than are immediately available from the socket's input buffer; similarly, a file channel cannot read any more bytes than remain in the file. It is guaranteed, however, that if a channel is in blocking mode and there is at least one byte remaining in the buffer then this method will block until at least one byte is read.
This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a read operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.
read in interface ReadableByteChanneldst - The buffer into which bytes are to be transferredNotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connectedClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedAsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel
while the read operation is in progressClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread
while the read operation is in progress, thereby
closing the channel and setting the current thread's
interrupt statusIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic abstract long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts, int offset, int length) throws IOException
ScatteringByteChannelAn invocation of this method attempts to read up to r bytes from this channel, where r is the total number of bytes remaining the specified subsequence of the given buffer array, that is,
dsts[offset].remaining()
+ dsts[offset+1].remaining()
+ ... + dsts[offset+length-1].remaining()Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is read, where 0 <= n <= r. Up to the first dsts[offset].remaining() bytes of this sequence are transferred into buffer dsts[offset], up to the next dsts[offset+1].remaining() bytes are transferred into buffer dsts[offset+1], and so forth, until the entire byte sequence is transferred into the given buffers. As many bytes as possible are transferred into each buffer, hence the final position of each updated buffer, except the last updated buffer, is guaranteed to be equal to that buffer's limit.
This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a read operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.
read in interface ScatteringByteChanneldsts - The buffers into which bytes are to be transferredoffset - The offset within the buffer array of the first buffer into
which bytes are to be transferred; must be non-negative and no
larger than dsts.lengthlength - The maximum number of buffers to be accessed; must be
non-negative and no larger than
dsts.length - offsetNotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connectedClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedAsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel
while the read operation is in progressClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread
while the read operation is in progress, thereby
closing the channel and setting the current thread's
interrupt statusIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic final long read(ByteBuffer[] dsts) throws IOException
ScatteringByteChannelAn invocation of this method of the form c.read(dsts) behaves in exactly the same manner as the invocation
c.read(dsts, 0, dsts.length);
read in interface ScatteringByteChanneldsts - The buffers into which bytes are to be transferredNotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connectedClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedAsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel
while the read operation is in progressClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread
while the read operation is in progress, thereby
closing the channel and setting the current thread's
interrupt statusIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic abstract int write(ByteBuffer src) throws IOException
WritableByteChannelAn attempt is made to write up to r bytes to the channel, where r is the number of bytes remaining in the buffer, that is, src.remaining(), at the moment this method is invoked.
Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is written, where 0 <= n <= r. This byte sequence will be transferred from the buffer starting at index p, where p is the buffer's position at the moment this method is invoked; the index of the last byte written will be p + n - 1. Upon return the buffer's position will be equal to p + n; its limit will not have changed.
Unless otherwise specified, a write operation will return only after writing all of the r requested bytes. Some types of channels, depending upon their state, may write only some of the bytes or possibly none at all. A socket channel in non-blocking mode, for example, cannot write any more bytes than are free in the socket's output buffer.
This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a write operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.
write in interface WritableByteChannelsrc - The buffer from which bytes are to be retrievedNotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connectedClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedAsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel
while the write operation is in progressClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread
while the write operation is in progress, thereby
closing the channel and setting the current thread's
interrupt statusIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic abstract long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs, int offset, int length) throws IOException
GatheringByteChannelAn attempt is made to write up to r bytes to this channel, where r is the total number of bytes remaining in the specified subsequence of the given buffer array, that is,
srcs[offset].remaining()
+ srcs[offset+1].remaining()
+ ... + srcs[offset+length-1].remaining()Suppose that a byte sequence of length n is written, where 0 <= n <= r. Up to the first srcs[offset].remaining() bytes of this sequence are written from buffer srcs[offset], up to the next srcs[offset+1].remaining() bytes are written from buffer srcs[offset+1], and so forth, until the entire byte sequence is written. As many bytes as possible are written from each buffer, hence the final position of each updated buffer, except the last updated buffer, is guaranteed to be equal to that buffer's limit.
Unless otherwise specified, a write operation will return only after writing all of the r requested bytes. Some types of channels, depending upon their state, may write only some of the bytes or possibly none at all. A socket channel in non-blocking mode, for example, cannot write any more bytes than are free in the socket's output buffer.
This method may be invoked at any time. If another thread has already initiated a write operation upon this channel, however, then an invocation of this method will block until the first operation is complete.
write in interface GatheringByteChannelsrcs - The buffers from which bytes are to be retrievedoffset - The offset within the buffer array of the first buffer from
which bytes are to be retrieved; must be non-negative and no
larger than srcs.lengthlength - The maximum number of buffers to be accessed; must be
non-negative and no larger than
srcs.length - offsetNotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connectedClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedAsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel
while the write operation is in progressClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread
while the write operation is in progress, thereby
closing the channel and setting the current thread's
interrupt statusIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic final long write(ByteBuffer[] srcs) throws IOException
GatheringByteChannelAn invocation of this method of the form c.write(srcs) behaves in exactly the same manner as the invocation
c.write(srcs, 0, srcs.length);
write in interface GatheringByteChannelsrcs - The buffers from which bytes are to be retrievedNotYetConnectedException - If this channel is not yet connectedClosedChannelException - If this channel is closedAsynchronousCloseException - If another thread closes this channel
while the write operation is in progressClosedByInterruptException - If another thread interrupts the current thread
while the write operation is in progress, thereby
closing the channel and setting the current thread's
interrupt statusIOException - If some other I/O error occurspublic abstract SocketAddress getLocalAddress() throws IOException
Where the channel is bound to an Internet Protocol
socket address then the return value from this method is of type InetSocketAddress.
If there is a security manager set, its checkConnect method is
called with the local address and -1 as its arguments to see
if the operation is allowed. If the operation is not allowed,
a SocketAddress representing the
loopback address and the
local port of the channel's socket is returned.
getLocalAddress in interface NetworkChannelSocketAddress that the socket is bound to, or the
SocketAddress representing the loopback address if
denied by the security manager, or null if the
channel's socket is not boundClosedChannelException - If the channel is closedIOException - If an I/O error occurs Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
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