K - the type of keys maintained by this mapV - the type of mapped valuespublic class LinkedHashMap<K,V> extends HashMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V>
Hash table and linked list implementation of the Map interface, with predictable iteration order. This implementation differs from HashMap in that it maintains a doubly-linked list running through all of its entries. This linked list defines the iteration ordering, which is normally the order in which keys were inserted into the map (insertion-order). Note that insertion order is not affected if a key is re-inserted into the map. (A key k is reinserted into a map m if m.put(k, v) is invoked when m.containsKey(k) would return true immediately prior to the invocation.)
This implementation spares its clients from the unspecified, generally
chaotic ordering provided by HashMap (and Hashtable),
without incurring the increased cost associated with TreeMap. It
can be used to produce a copy of a map that has the same order as the
original, regardless of the original map's implementation:
void foo(Map m) {
Map copy = new LinkedHashMap(m);
...
}
This technique is particularly useful if a module takes a map on input,
copies it, and later returns results whose order is determined by that of
the copy. (Clients generally appreciate having things returned in the same
order they were presented.)
A special constructor is
provided to create a linked hash map whose order of iteration is the order
in which its entries were last accessed, from least-recently accessed to
most-recently (access-order). This kind of map is well-suited to
building LRU caches. Invoking the put, putIfAbsent,
get, getOrDefault, compute, computeIfAbsent,
computeIfPresent, or merge methods results
in an access to the corresponding entry (assuming it exists after the
invocation completes). The replace methods only result in an access
of the entry if the value is replaced. The putAll method generates one
entry access for each mapping in the specified map, in the order that
key-value mappings are provided by the specified map's entry set iterator.
No other methods generate entry accesses. In particular, operations
on collection-views do not affect the order of iteration of the
backing map.
The removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry) method may be overridden to
impose a policy for removing stale mappings automatically when new mappings
are added to the map.
This class provides all of the optional Map operations, and permits null elements. Like HashMap, it provides constant-time performance for the basic operations (add, contains and remove), assuming the hash function disperses elements properly among the buckets. Performance is likely to be just slightly below that of HashMap, due to the added expense of maintaining the linked list, with one exception: Iteration over the collection-views of a LinkedHashMap requires time proportional to the size of the map, regardless of its capacity. Iteration over a HashMap is likely to be more expensive, requiring time proportional to its capacity.
A linked hash map has two parameters that affect its performance: initial capacity and load factor. They are defined precisely as for HashMap. Note, however, that the penalty for choosing an excessively high value for initial capacity is less severe for this class than for HashMap, as iteration times for this class are unaffected by capacity.
Note that this implementation is not synchronized.
If multiple threads access a linked hash map concurrently, and at least
one of the threads modifies the map structurally, it must be
synchronized externally. This is typically accomplished by
synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the map.
If no such object exists, the map should be "wrapped" using the
Collections.synchronizedMap
method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
unsynchronized access to the map:
Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap(...));A structural modification is any operation that adds or deletes one or more mappings or, in the case of access-ordered linked hash maps, affects iteration order. In insertion-ordered linked hash maps, merely changing the value associated with a key that is already contained in the map is not a structural modification. In access-ordered linked hash maps, merely querying the map with get is a structural modification. )
The iterators returned by the iterator method of the collections
returned by all of this class's collection view methods are
fail-fast: if the map is structurally modified at any time after
the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own
remove method, the iterator will throw a ConcurrentModificationException. Thus, in the face of concurrent
modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking
arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.
Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis. Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators should be used only to detect bugs.
The spliterators returned by the spliterator method of the collections
returned by all of this class's collection view methods are
late-binding,
fail-fast, and additionally report Spliterator.ORDERED.
This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
Object.hashCode(),
Collection,
Map,
HashMap,
TreeMap,
Hashtable,
Serialized FormAbstractMap.SimpleEntry<K,V>, AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<K,V>| Constructor and Description |
|---|
LinkedHashMap()
Constructs an empty insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance
with the default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
|
LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity)
Constructs an empty insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance
with the specified initial capacity and a default load factor (0.75).
|
LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor)
Constructs an empty insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance
with the specified initial capacity and load factor.
|
LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor,
boolean accessOrder)
Constructs an empty LinkedHashMap instance with the
specified initial capacity, load factor and ordering mode.
|
LinkedHashMap(Map<? extends K,? extends V> m)
Constructs an insertion-ordered LinkedHashMap instance with
the same mappings as the specified map.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
clear()
Removes all of the mappings from this map.
|
boolean |
containsValue(Object value)
Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the
specified value.
|
Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> |
entrySet()
Returns a
Set view of the mappings contained in this map. |
void |
forEach(BiConsumer<? super K,? super V> action)
Performs the given action for each entry in this map until all entries
have been processed or the action throws an exception.
|
V |
get(Object key)
Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
or
null if this map contains no mapping for the key. |
V |
getOrDefault(Object key,
V defaultValue)
Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
defaultValue if this map contains no mapping for the key. |
Set<K> |
keySet()
Returns a
Set view of the keys contained in this map. |
protected boolean |
removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest)
Returns true if this map should remove its eldest entry.
|
void |
replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K,? super V,? extends V> function)
Replaces each entry's value with the result of invoking the given
function on that entry until all entries have been processed or the
function throws an exception.
|
Collection<V> |
values()
Returns a
Collection view of the values contained in this map. |
clone, compute, computeIfAbsent, computeIfPresent, containsKey, isEmpty, merge, put, putAll, putIfAbsent, remove, remove, replace, replace, sizeequals, hashCode, toStringfinalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, waitcompute, computeIfAbsent, computeIfPresent, containsKey, equals, hashCode, isEmpty, merge, put, putAll, putIfAbsent, remove, remove, replace, replace, sizepublic LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor)
initialCapacity - the initial capacityloadFactor - the load factorIllegalArgumentException - if the initial capacity is negative
or the load factor is nonpositivepublic LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity)
initialCapacity - the initial capacityIllegalArgumentException - if the initial capacity is negativepublic LinkedHashMap()
public LinkedHashMap(Map<? extends K,? extends V> m)
m - the map whose mappings are to be placed in this mapNullPointerException - if the specified map is nullpublic LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor,
boolean accessOrder)
initialCapacity - the initial capacityloadFactor - the load factoraccessOrder - the ordering mode - true for
access-order, false for insertion-orderIllegalArgumentException - if the initial capacity is negative
or the load factor is nonpositivepublic boolean containsValue(Object value)
containsValue in interface Map<K,V>containsValue in class HashMap<K,V>value - value whose presence in this map is to be testedpublic V get(Object key)
null if this map contains no mapping for the key.
More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
k to a value v such that (key==null ? k==null :
key.equals(k)), then this method returns v; otherwise
it returns null. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
A return value of null does not necessarily
indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also
possible that the map explicitly maps the key to null.
The containsKey operation may be used to
distinguish these two cases.
public V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue)
defaultValue if this map contains no mapping for the key.getOrDefault in interface Map<K,V>getOrDefault in class HashMap<K,V>key - the key whose associated value is to be returneddefaultValue - the default mapping of the keydefaultValue if this map contains no mapping for the keypublic void clear()
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest)
Sample use: this override will allow the map to grow up to 100 entries and then delete the eldest entry each time a new entry is added, maintaining a steady state of 100 entries.
private static final int MAX_ENTRIES = 100;
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) {
return size() > MAX_ENTRIES;
}
This method typically does not modify the map in any way, instead allowing the map to modify itself as directed by its return value. It is permitted for this method to modify the map directly, but if it does so, it must return false (indicating that the map should not attempt any further modification). The effects of returning true after modifying the map from within this method are unspecified.
This implementation merely returns false (so that this map acts like a normal map - the eldest element is never removed).
eldest - The least recently inserted entry in the map, or if
this is an access-ordered map, the least recently accessed
entry. This is the entry that will be removed it this
method returns true. If the map was empty prior
to the put or putAll invocation resulting
in this invocation, this will be the entry that was just
inserted; in other words, if the map contains a single
entry, the eldest entry is also the newest.public Set<K> keySet()
Set view of the keys contained in this map.
The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified
while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
the iterator's own remove operation), the results of
the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal,
which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
Iterator.remove, Set.remove,
removeAll, retainAll, and clear
operations. It does not support the add or addAll
operations.
Its Spliterator typically provides faster sequential
performance but much poorer parallel performance than that of
HashMap.public Collection<V> values()
Collection view of the values contained in this map.
The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
reflected in the collection, and vice-versa. If the map is
modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress
(except through the iterator's own remove operation),
the results of the iteration are undefined. The collection
supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove,
Collection.remove, removeAll,
retainAll and clear operations. It does not
support the add or addAll operations.
Its Spliterator typically provides faster sequential
performance but much poorer parallel performance than that of
HashMap.public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet()
Set view of the mappings contained in this map.
The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified
while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
the iterator's own remove operation, or through the
setValue operation on a map entry returned by the
iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined. The set
supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove,
Set.remove, removeAll, retainAll and
clear operations. It does not support the
add or addAll operations.
Its Spliterator typically provides faster sequential
performance but much poorer parallel performance than that of
HashMap.public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K,? super V> action)
Mappublic void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K,? super V,? extends V> function)
MapreplaceAll in interface Map<K,V>replaceAll in class HashMap<K,V>function - the function to apply to each entry Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
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